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All right. Hi everybody. It is Tuesday, July 29th, 2025. We're gonna be talking about Doracho's today for, for two reasons. One, because obviously they're they're back in the news. We had *** big severe wind event um last night here in Iowa and other parts of the Midwest, and so everybody wants to know, is it, was it *** Duraio? And two, because we've been meaning to talk about Duracho's for *** little while now because earlier this year, the Duraio definition got *** modification. So, uh, We need to tackle that as well here. So we're gonna do *** little bit of all those things, kind of put Dirachos in context and, and that sort of stuff here over this video. Hopefully it doesn't get too long. It'll be *** little bit technical too. This might not be the most visually stimulating video you've ever seen. So maybe, you know, you can listen to this while you do some dishes or, or, uh, you know, fold some laundry or, or something like that. So we're gonna talk about why the storm Prediction Center has, has made some modifications to the RO definition, how that definition is. evolved over time, the origins of the, the term Duracho long ago because that plays into the story and then how Duracho name kind of got into, into the public and out of the out of the research world because that's important as well. First off though, uh, we have to talk about why we're talking about Dura shows here because we obviously had *** severe wind event here last night in, uh, we're obviously talking about focusing mainly on Iowa, but in much of the Midwest. We had *** or not *** cluster at first, but some scattered supercell thunderstorms in parts of central, southeast, central South Dakota. Yesterday afternoon, those eventually congealed into *** cluster of severe wind producing storms that kind of plowed through far northwest and north central Iowa, then overnight and then into eastern Iowa early this morning before they eventually sort of ran out of gas, dissipated, and became less organized there as they headed down the Mississippi River valley. Now if you watch this radar loop long enough, you can see *** lot of the hallmarks of *** severe wind event that oftentimes gets classified as *** ratio. Um, you have those supercell storms, South Dakota, they congeal into *** line. It becomes *** bow echo, kind of *** shape of *** bow and arrow, the bow part, um, as the winds gusts even stronger. There's *** couple other features. One's *** rear inflow jet you can sort of make out in far northwest Iowa as it gets to, you know, Spencer and Cherokee and the O'Brien County area. You know, in kind of in, in there. *** rear end flow jet is basically when *** line of storms sucks in and drains in dry air from its backside, and that dry air, uh, cools and evaporates the rainfall coming out of the storm, which then dries it out and accelerates it downward faster into the ground, and then you get an enhanced wind, uh, gust on top of already strong wind gusts. You can also make out in the northwest portion of this line, *** little curly cue at the top of that line of storms. We call that *** bookend vortex. There were *** couple of reports of um tornadoes in far northwest Iowa too. You can also, you often see that in those those bookend vortices. So *** classic sort of, you know, what would be *** Duracho again as we're recording this video, it's the SPC hasn't technically decided whether they're going to classify last night's wind event as *** Duracho or not, but it was impactful regardless. I mean, areas in northwest Iowa had gusts over 90 MPH. There was *** lot of damage up that direction too, up towards the Clear Lake area and and other spots. Campers flipped over by the winds, the Orange City, you know, Dutch windmill got damaged as well, so all sorts of nasty stuff from last night's storms. You can see the verification of the storm Prediction Center's forecast outlook from yesterday too on this map, so it overlays their forecast, which is the colored areas. You often see these on TV and the actual wind reports, the actual dots on there. So the moderate risk. That was issued yesterday, um, kind of mid-morning before lunchtime for eastern South Dakota. It's the red area, eastern South Dakota, southwest Minnesota, and northern Iowa, close to where we ended up seeing the main swath of the winds, maybe kind of on the edge, the southern southwest edge of that level 4 moderate risk is where it happened. That's the blue dots that started southeast South Dakota and then travel across northern Iowa into eastern Iowa. And then spaced in there are those uh black squares. Those are high-end severe wind gusts, so that's like hurricane force winds, not just, you know, 58, 60 mile per hour winds that traveled along, you know, *** few 100 miles from South Dakota and then basically over to the Mississippi River. Uh, so, you know, it was fairly decently well forecast, I would say. I mean, it didn't really really start to ramp up the likelihood of there being *** possible duration until like *** day before the day of, especially depending on what data you wanted to use, and that's ***. Common sort of thing. I mean, uh, you know, these big storm complexes that become Durachos, they often can't be predicted more than *** day or two in advance, you know, the, the Facebook pages, *** lot of times, they will love to forecast Durachos, uh, you know, 7 days, 10 days in advance, but If you say that enough and uh you know, this time of year, which is kind of the height of Duracho's severe wind season, if you say that enough and you're vague enough in your forecast, yeah, you're gonna be right at some point. So that's how I'll say about that. But let's talk about this definition of *** Duracho, what it currently is, what it's been changing to, all that sort of thing. So the definition of *** Duracho has been kind of fluid ever since it was introduced or reintroduced into the research world back in the 1980s, and that's just because Every researcher who does *** study has kind of used *** slightly different definition where they've tried to tie theirs into *** previous study and so everything is just kind of changed. It's the, you know, the term Deracho was an academic research term, and so it, you know, that was part of why there would be these differences you. You know, each researcher would use *** different definition for the physical process that had to form the storms that would become the Duracho. how long those storms had to last, how far they had to travel, how much wind they had to produce to be classified as *** duraio. So the the current definition of *** duracho has been this one that we've been using for *** few years now. So you have *** cluster of of *** line of storms that produces *** swath of damaging winds. It that swath of damaging winds has to go, it has to be at least 400 miles long, has to be at least 60 miles wide, has to have frequent severe wind gusts, so at least 58 MPH or 50 knots, and it has to have some gusts above 70 at least 75 MPH. So at least some hurricane force wind gusts in there. So, so that's been the working definition for *** few years now by the storm prediction Center. So why, why change it? Why modify it? OK. So the modification is happening courtesy of, of this paper, this study or um yeah, done earlier this or accepted published earlier this year in what's called BAMS, the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, which is kind of the most popular well-known um journal publication uh of the American Meteorological Society, which is the main professional organization for meteorologists here in the country. And this, this paper is called Long Academics, so it's long, on *** modified definition of *** Duraio, Part one, construction of the definition and quantitative criteria for identifyingu Duraios over the contiguous United States by Scutiri at all. So this, um, Brian Scutiri is *** forecaster, scientist at the Storm Prediction Center. He also, he doesn't really, he wouldn't know me that well, but he was also at Iowa State. The same time I was, he was *** PhD or *** postdoc, uh, for *** few years when I was an undergrad there. So that's just *** fun little, you know, tangentially related connection. So why did they decide to modify the definition of *** duraio here over the past year or so? Well, one from the papers, so basically they've had new, you know, the storm prediction Center like they are today, gets always gets asked as soon as there's *** long-lived duration severe wind event, was it *** duraio? So they, they constantly get that question every time there is one of these uh severe events, and so they want to actually figure out exactly how to decide, OK, in real time or very quickly, yes or no, Durao or no. And so they want to set, you know, sort of some guidelines there. They also want to, there's been, like I mentioned, um, differences in the historical record for definitions of Durachos in previous studies and just in the past in general. And so they want to have *** routine official designation of *** duracho to do very quickly. So let's get to this modification here that they've decided on from this paper. OK, so I kind of boil it down to these four bullet points here. So the first part of the definition, there's more to it than just those 44 bullet points, but you know, I kind of simplified it *** little bit. It's on this actual paper. *** widespread severe windstorm characterized by *** family of destructive downbursts containing hurricane force gusts associated with an extra tropical cold pool driven mesoscale convective system. *** mesoscale convective system produces *** ratio when the following criteria are met. OK, so you have to have widespread severe wind reports. Got it. You have to have all reports must occur in *** progressive sequence. In other words, one after another, the parent storm, MCS, the cluster of storms, has to have *** Forward speed greater than the mean wind speed. There can't be more than an hour break between severe wind reports along the, you know, the wind swath. There can't be, um, bigger gaps or at least there can't be gaps bigger than 200 kilometers between, you know, wind reports because otherwise then is it technically still one wind swath if you have that big of *** gap. The gap, the wind swath has to be 200-400 kilometers long, which translates to about 250 miles long. And then you have to have at least 5 hurricane force wind gusts separated by 80 kilometers along the swath, and at least 3 of them have to be measured, not just estimated based off of damage or somebody looking out the window. So it's ***, yeah, this proposed definition. diverges, I'm quoting here from previous studies by explicitly requiring several hurricane force gusts and restricting Duracho wind swaths to cold pool driven MCS. So let's tackle *** couple of these um changes from the previous definition. So, um, first off, it requires *** specific number of hurricane force wind gusts. That's bullet point number 4 on the graphic on your screen. In the previous definition, you just had to have some 75 mile per hour wind gusts. Now you have to have at least 5 and you have to have at least 3 of those that were measured by an actual weather station, not just somebody's estimating them based off of stuff being blown down or, you know, at that sort of deal. That may be *** little bit of *** challenge though cause Sometimes there just aren't that many people out there to report, you know, there aren't that many weather stations out there to catch these, these damaging winds. Um, it's kind of in the if the tree falls in the forest, you know, etc. that analogy, if there if there's, if there's nothing to hit, if there's no weather station to measure it, did it happen or did it not? Um, second, It changes, it lowers the required length of the damaging wind swath. So the previous definition I showed you, the swath of damaging winds had to go 400 miles. Well, now we've cut that down to about 250 miles, and that's done to basically make sure that some of these higher impact severe wind events that don't go as far are still included. In other words, they don't travel, you know, hundreds and hundreds. Miles, but they're still really powerful. Severe wind events can be still classified as *** ratio. The one that comes to mind for me would be, um, last summer there was *** severe wind event in eastern Nebraska, um, like *** good chunk between Lincoln and Omaha Council Bluffs areas had severe wind gusts between 80 and 90 MPH at the Omaha airport, actually there were severe winds, I think for like *** half hour straight gusts and the Peak gus was like over 90 MPH, but then as that cluster of storms moved into Iowa, it started to weaken. And so guess what? Technically it wasn't *** Duracho because it didn't travel 400 miles. But if you were in, you know, Omaha or Council Bluffs, you didn't have power for days afterwards because there was so much tree damage and it was just really, really bad. So, you know, you would kind of feel left out and say, oh well, it wasn't *** Duraio. Well, it was really bad. So that's kind of the reason for shortening the length required to be *** duraio. But then on the other hand, this new definition that I'm looking at bullet point number one on your screen has to be caused by *** cold pool driven MCS in order to be *** Duracho. So that's where kind of it gets *** little bit interesting because this would exclude some severe wind events that previously have been counted as Duracho. So what's *** cold pool driven MCS? First off, an MCS, it's *** mesoalle convective system. It's basically just *** cluster, *** complex of thunderstorms. That's what an MCS is. Um, if it's cold pool driven, that means that the winds coming out of that cluster of storms are being driven by *** cold pool created by the thunderstorm. *** cold pool, think of it like this, it's *** pocket of cooler air that's caused by, you know, rain falling in the storm. OK, so the rain falls, it vas some of the rain evaporates into the drier air below the cloud, OK? And then when you have water evaporating. That cools the air down, and then cooler air is more dense, and which means it sinks faster. So now we have air accelerating downward, hitting the ground and spreading out. So the cold pool sort of enhances strong winds. So what this definition is saying is basically in order to be *** Duraio, your thunderstorm complex has to be generating its own winds, and that's different than, for example, if you remember here in Iowa back in December of 2021, there was *** Dora show, but If you look scientifically at that Duracho, it had, you know, that was the day it was December 15th, 2021. There were like 60 tornadoes in Iowa, and there were tons of strong winds and before, you know, that happened, the temperature got up to like 75 that day, you know, mid December, like 10 days before Christmas, wild crazy stuff. Well, by this definition, that wouldn't be *** Dura show anymore because technically it wouldn't be cold pool driven. I'll read from their study here. So what it says is um the 15th of December 2021 wind swath occurred with *** squall line, *** line storms, supported by strong forcing provided by *** pronounced negatively tilted upper trough. What that means is basically there was *** strong trough of low pressure in the upper levels of the atmosphere and then at the ground level there was *** really strong low pressure center. Remember it was just windy. It was just windy that day, December 2021. OK, so the data quote, suggests that the cold pool may not have been the dominating factor in supporting severe convective gust potential. In this case, the severe gusts likely originated from mechanical. Downward momentum transport of the stronger ambient winds aloft. So basically what Swirial says here is that, hey, December 15, 2021, those storms weren't producing those winds, those really powerful winds. They basically just There was some rain falling, and then the air sinking from the top of the thunderstorm carried the already existing strong winds *** few 1000 ft up, basically transported them to the ground, and that's why the winds were so strong. The thunderstorms didn't make those winds themselves. Therefore, it shouldn't be classified as *** duracho by this definition. So you might be asking, OK, well, why, who cares, you know, that seems kind of dumb. Well, I'll read from their um for their explanation here. The differences between severe wind swath generating mechanisms, so how we got the severe winds, and ambient supporting synoptic environments in cold pool driven MCSs and squall lines suggests that applying the termduratio to both types of wind. Defies the notion of associating *** unique word with *** physical process and *** specific cause. In other words, they're saying, OK, if we're gonna have *** word that means something, it has to mean one thing. It can't mean multiple things. That's not scientific. That's sort of what they're arguing here. I'll go on. Therefore, the scientific community and public service entities um would benefit from *** modified definition of *** ratio. So that's sort of what they're going for. There's another part I want to read. I gotta find it here. Oh yeah, here we go. To advance the science of Durachos and simplify the communication of what *** duracho is, this term would need to be identified as *** phenomenon with *** specific cause, not by societal impact. In other words, what they're saying is, can't just be windy, right? What caused the wind? What caused the wind matters. If societal impacts dominate the reasoning for event classification, there would be limited importance in distinguishing, for example, the difference between *** microburst and *** tornado if the wind speed and aerial coverage of damage are the same. This is *** good point here. So if you, for example, if you have *** bunch of trees blown down at your house, there's *** bunch of damage, everybody always wants to know what was it *** tornado or was it just straight line winds? Well, Does it matter? Scientifically? Yeah, it does. From an impact point then, I don't know if it does. So that's what they're saying. Scientifically, yes, it does matter because if we didn't care, if wind was wind, then we wouldn't care the difference between *** microburst and *** tornado because basically it's wind, it's just different directions. One's swirling and one's blowing straight out. So if we care about the difference between *** microburst and *** tornado, then we should care about the difference between aduracho and just *** line of storms that's blowing winds down from higher in the. Atmosphere. So that's kind of, it's about science. It's about scientific reasoning and how we categorize that stuff, not just about the actual impact. And that's interesting because that's sort of the same reasoning that the original guy who came up with the term Duracho also had. He was also coming up with the word Doracho because of Scientific reasoning. In other words, the winds were caused by something different than the commonly accepted term of the day. So this guy you're seeing on your screen is Gustavus Henriks, OK? This is *** webpage, by the way, by *** guy named Ray Wolf, cool guy. Uh, he is *** retired science and operations officer from the Weather Service office over in Davenport, and he put together this whole web page about um Gustavus Hendricks, and he's done some research on Dorachos and things like that, and this is on the. Prediction Center website that you can look up if you want. So anyway, Gustavus Hendriks here, the guy who coined the term Diraio way back in the 1880s. So he was Danish. He immigrated to the US in the 1860s. He worked at the University of Iowa for *** while as *** professor. He taught physical science, so like physics, chemistry, things like that. Yeah, actually he's kind of *** difficult guy when you read about him to get along with it looks like. Uh he got interested in weather actually when the university cut his budget and so he didn't really have as many students to work with. He didn't have as much research he could do on his regular stuff. And so he got interested in the weather because he didn't want to be around people and he didn't have as much to do anymore. Uh, so that's how he got into weather. He actually formed the *** state weather service in Iowa in the 1870s, and then he He was eventually just such *** pain in the rear for *** lot of the people there that he got dismissed from the university in 1886. And actually when he was leaving, this is just the kind of guy he apparently was, um, he called the University of Iowa, well, that the hospital there at the time, and nowadays it's UIHC, University of Iowa Hospitals and clinics. He called it *** quote slaughterhouse, what today is, you know, like the nicest hospital in, in the state and so on. So he was kind of *** um interesting cat. So Gustavus Hendrix, anyway, he gets interested in weather and he starts investigating um some of these severe winds, that windstorms that happen that are being called at the time tornadoes, and he thinks, no, I don't think they are tornadoes. I think there's something different and that's where he kind of gets into this whole theracho um discussion. Now I'm gonna pull up this other web page. Well, if my mouse pops up, we'll pull up the other web page, there we go. And so this is, I'm gonna this map I'll talk about here in *** minute. This is from *** paper he wrote, um, in the American Meteorological Journal in 1888. This is the first publication of the actual term Doracho by Gustavus Henris here. So he, he's writing this paper about the difference between tornadoes and Derachos. Why he thinks that, you know, not every damaging wind thing is *** tornado. There's actually these things called Derachos, and he explains why he comes up comes up with this name and how they're different and everything like that. And the sort of genesis behind this paper he writes is he's got some serious beef with *** guy named Lieutenant John Finley of the US Army Signal Corps. So back at the time, back in that day. Um, the US Army Signal Corps was like the official weather organization in the United States because you had, um, weather forecasting, what you would call weather forecasting, very primitive, was done by the army and then eventually that was spun off into the US Weather Bureau and then eventually that became the National Weather Service. So at the time it's the Army Signal Corps is like the the government weather forecasters or as much forecasting as they can do back then. And the main guy here in Iowa who's doing *** lot of tornado work is called Lieutenant John Finley, and Gustavus Hendrix does not get along with this uh Lieutenant Finley guy. So he, I'll just read you part of this is in his academic paper, um, he, he says some stuff basically why he thinks that there's not as many tornadoes in Iowa as what the, you know, Army forecasters are saying, Army meteorologists are saying, quote. The climate of Iowa has been most outrageously maligned, both by thoughtless or sensational newspaper correspondents and by official and semi-official publications of the signal service in ascribing to Iowa an excessive tornado frequency. Both of these ever grinding tornado mills for Iowa have furnished abundant material for frightening people from settling in Iowa and for coaxing residents of Iowa into the thriving tornado insurance institutions of both the east and west. The more pretentious advertising sheets of these companies are embellished by truly frightful maps taken from the records, quote, taken from the records of the Signal Service Bureau of the United States Army, which show the valleys of the Missouri and Mississippi in the latitudes from 35 to 45 degrees to be an almost unbroken mass of dark tornado patches. So basically he's saying here that the Army Signal Bureau is basically either complicit in trying to get people to buy insurance they don't need, or they're trying to discourage people from living in Iowa or they're just bad at their jobs is is what he's is what he's trying to imply. And then he goes on to say, quote, According to the signaler authority, he's kind of being very sarcastic. Iowa is credited with over 100 tornadoes for this recent period in time, but fortunately for our people, *** goodly number of these tornadoes have never existed outside of the archives and publications of the signal. Service. So Gustavus Hendricks is basically saying these people don't know we're talking what they're talking about. They're trying to say there's all these tornadoes in Iowa and they're not. We do actually have quite *** number of what are actually he's going to call therachos, and he publishes this map that you see on your screen here. Of straight line wind events, kind of swaths of damage. When you think about it, it's kind of impressive for the 1880s to go, you'd have to go out and like survey really, you know, cause there's no satellite data, there's no easy communication, you have to drive around in your horse or whatever to go find where there was damage, where there wasn't, and then decide, oh, it's straight line winds from *** windstorm, not from *** tornado. And so he, he proposes that there, he proposes this new word. And so the definition of of this new thing. Is the Duracho, what he calls the straight blow of the prairies, *** powerfully depressing and violently progressing massive cold air moving destructively onward in slightly diverging straight lines in Iowa at least, generally towards the southeast with its storm cloud front curving as the storm lines diverge. So that's what he is going to define um as *** Duracho. So there's another map, I think it's on the next page, where he actually shows wind damage swats, which, you know, it's kind of neat actually when you consider he did this in this in the map he actually originally drew here is in 1883 where he says that's weird. There's these like damaging wind swaths from storms and they all kind of go. Same direction at the same time of year, kind of mid to late summer. There must be something unique about these. These are bigger than tornadoes. They all kind of go the same direction. They all seem to form the same way, and that's where he decides that, OK, you know what, I think this is something different. And he says, quote, even before organizing the first state weather service in this country, humble brag on his part, I had noticed some of the peculiarities of the storm, which I now propose to call the Dura show. The first publication of the map of such *** storm was that of July 31, 1877, which I believe, well, that's similar to the map that is shown on this screen here. So he comes up with this new word, and he kind of preemptively addresses those people who say who he kind of knows are gonna say, don't make up ***, you know, like people do now. You're just making this up to scare people, to make yourself sound cool, to make yourself famous, you know, whatever, whatever. So what he says is, so basically why name this, OK? Um, it may be objected to also, I guess I should mention too, he also addresses why come up with *** name, and he mentions tornadoes, quote. Um, OK, the Admiral paper, admirable paper of *** guy called Doctor W. Kepin introduced me temporarily to adopt the name of Squall for these storms, for want of anything better. Basically he didn't have anything else to call him, so we just called him *** squall. But and because I did not yet feel inclined to assume the responsibility for introducing *** new term, though I generally specify the same as Iowa squall. So I call them squalls first. Then he goes on to say, but after continued study and comparison of personal observations in the field and in the observatory, as well as after the charting of *** great many of these storms in Iowa, and considering the continued confounding of the same with the tornado. I have for *** long time deemed it both wise and necessary to introduce *** specific term for the truly specific phenomena under consideration. Since the twister of the prairies has been named the tornado, I propose to call the peculiar straight blow of the prairies the Doracho. Basically he's saying, well, we adopted this Spanish word tornado to, you know, name twisters. Why can't we use this other Spanish word, Doracho to name straight line winds. So he goes on to say, it may be objected that the term squall might answer and *** new term is superfluous. In other words, people might say we don't need *** new word. In that case, the term tornado should also be discarded, and the more general term of cyclone used for all allied phenomena from *** water spout and *** dust world raising withered leaves into the air to the grand circulatory motions traversing the seas and the continents. So basically saying, OK, if you don't want to use the term duracho, let's not use the term tornado either because it's just something spinning and we already have *** word for that. It's it's cyclone. And he says nothing is more necessary in science than the recognition of specific forms of phenomena and the application of specific terms to the same. Interesting because almost the exact same stuff is said in the academic paper from the storm Prediction Center I just read to you earlier. If we're doing. We need to identify specific phenomena and set criteria and give them *** specific name. And that's almost 140 years later, right? Because in the paper from the SPC to advance the science of Durachos and simplify the communication of what *** Duracho is, this term would need to be identified as *** phenomenon with *** specific cause. There you go. So from the 1880s to now, you know, 2024, 2025. We have some, you know, history doesn't rhyme, history repeats or whatever is the same. Anyway, so the, the sort of takeaway here is that Durachos are are *** unique phenomena that need to have *** name, and since this is science, it's kind of *** research heavy term, it needs to be sort of modified. *** couple of take home points I want to go with here though. One, I hope I've kind of illustrated we the meteorology community didn't just make up the word toraio, OK. That same language was being used to describe by Gustavus Henriks here, um, you know, Duracho's severe wind events over 100 years ago, well over 100 years ago. We're also the meteorological world, the SPC folks, they're not changing the definition for fun. They're not modifying tweaking stuff. They're not doing it to make it easier for us to call them Dorachos. This is the sort of thing that just happens in the academic and research world, you know, science progresses, you make modifications to things. I mean, that's just how it works. And that's kind of part of the the confusion with Dorachos for people. It is *** really technical term. It's it's kind of *** term that sort of escaped the lab, so to speak. It, it, it's changed based off of research and it's not really the greatest thing for maybe the general public to to understand. I mean, most people didn't really understand, didn't even know it existed, right, until, until 2020, at least, at least here in Iowa, but it did, right? I have notebooks from college for my meteorology degree and Iowa State that have the term Duracho in it and some Definitions of it. There's, you know, there's lots of other terms too that are meteorological terms, technical terms that, you know, I don't say on TV in my forecasts all the time. Like, I don't say there's going to be robust convection tonight. I say there's going to be thunderstorms, right? That that means the same thing. I don't say that we can have, there's stratiform precipitation on the radar. I say there's, oh, some steady rain, some showers down there. Wherever I'm pointing to. So like, you know, those are, those are just examples of other technical terms that, you know, don't get used when I'm talking to somebody who's not *** meteorologist and any sort of field has this, any scientific field, right? Whatever you do in your life, you that you're an expert in, you have all sorts of words that you wouldn't explain to the average person because they wouldn't know what you were talking about. One example I think of this is It comes to mind. I remember back in the when the pandemic started, I know, triggering, sorry, um, the term social distancing all of *** sudden just appeared out of nowhere and everyone was like, this is so what? What is that? Um, that sounds kind of, you know, corny, uh, and then I randomly was watching *** YouTube video. One day, as one does. Uh, and I, there was *** lecture about the 1918 pandemic. It was done at like the University of Arizona or something. Anyway, but this lecture was about the, you know, the flu epidemic back then, but this lecture was done in 2015. This was pre-2020 COVID pandemic, and the person giving the lecture starts talking about social distancing. And I was like, oh, so this, this thing, this term already existed. It's already *** real thing. I just didn't know about it. It just kind of escaped into the public, you know, atmosphere and discourse and discussion in 2020 when all of *** sudden it it came out. So like, you know, if you had been in the public health or epidemiological communities, you probably knew the term social distancing or, you know, that sort of stuff, but I didn't because I'm just *** layperson, an average person in that field. The term deratro kind of *** similar sort of thing. It seems like it just popped up, but it didn't. It, it really didn't. Anyway. Um, and *** lot of that just came up because of, because of the August 10th, 2020 to ratio, which coincidentally is coming up here, uh, it's fifth anniversary in ***, in ***, well, *** couple of, yeah, *** couple of weeks now here, less than *** couple of weeks I should say. That's all those sort of part of one of the misconceptions about Duraios is. *** lot of people think now, OK, Deracho, August 10th, 2020. Wow, really, really bad, you know, half hour straight of severe wind gusts, 100, 140 mile per hour winds like folks over in like the Cedar Rapids area so that's *** Duracho. OK, well that's like *** really extreme raredura show that one was. I mean that would, it's kind of like if you had experienced the first time you ever knew you experienced *** tornado, and it was like an EF4 EF5. And then you thought after that all tornadoes are like that, which is obviously not true, right? Very rarely tornadoes that have that strength are actually fairly rare. It's kind of what the August 10th, 2020 Dura show is. But on that note, uh, we are probably gonna be hopefully talking about the fifth anniversary. We're gonna revisit it here of the 2020 Dura show here and in the next week or two. I'm gonna to make Jason Sudeiko record *** video with me where we kind of go back over um the stuff, relive the experiences, talk *** little bit of the science and the, you know, major historic. of that event and all those sorts of things. So stay tuned for that. Hopefully we're able to get that done. In the meantime, thank you for watching slash listening to today's video. I hope you learn something, *** little bit more about Derachos and the confusing weird nature of them and all the kind of scientific history, back and forth and all that sort of stuff. But anyway, uh, we'll hopefully see you again another time for another video.