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Kamala Harris and Donald Trump showcased starkly different visions for the country on abortion, immigration and American democracy as they met for the first time Tuesday for perhaps their only debate before November’s presidential election. Here's a look at the night's biggest moments. Closing argumentsHarris and Trump veered in different directions in their closing arguments.The vice president promised that she was focused on the future while Trump was stuck in the past. She emphasized that she has plans to help the middle class.Trump criticized Harris for not implementing her plans while she’s in office.“Why hasn’t she done it?” he said repeatedly.Harris says she is a gun ownerAs she tried to refute Trump’s accusation that she wants to take away owners’ guns, Harris revealed that she is a gun owner, too.“Tim Walz and I are both gun owners. We’re not taking anybody’s guns away,” she said.Harris first revealed the news in 2019: “I am a gun owner, and I own a gun for probably the reason a lot of people do — for personal safety,” Harris told reporters in Iowa. “I was a career prosecutor.”The Affordable Care Act has gotten more popular in pollingOne challenge for Trump’s attacks on the ACA: It’s gotten a lot more popular since it was passed in 2010.A KFF Health Tracking Poll found earlier this year that 62% of U.S. adults have a favorable opinion of the Affordable Care Act, up from 46% in 2010.More broadly, recent AP-NORC polling gives Harris more of an advantage on the issue of health care. Americans trust her over Trump to better handle health care, 46% to 31%. About 2 in 10 say they trust neither (13%) or both equally (9%).Trump’s mystery healthcare planFor years, Trump has been promising a better healthcare plan than the Affordable Care Act. Asked again during the debate, Trump was unable to explain what he would do on healthcare.“I have concepts of a plan,” he said. “I’m not president right now.”He said he would reveal the plan “in the not-so-distant future,” something he’s promised before.Trump again questions Harris’ race but says he doesn’t care about itTrump again questioned Harris’ racial identity but then repeatedly said that he “does not care” how she identifies.“I read where she was not Black, ... and then I read that she was Black,” Trump said. “I couldn’t care less. Whatever she wants to be is okay with me.”Harris called it a “tragedy” that Trump, she argued, “has consistently, over the course of his career, attempted to use race to divide the American people.”When they go low...Harris has done something a lot of advisers wanted her to do tonight: She has identified herself as someone who uplifts and Trump as someone who weighs down.She criticized Trump for “belittling” and “name-calling” and said she will instead bring a “sense of optimism” as president.At the same time, Harris hasn’t shied away from hitting Trump with direct, cutting attacks, both on his actions as president and on his false claims about her record.Harris notes that Trump called for executing the now-exonerated “Central Park Five”Harris said Trump has a long history of racial division, going back to when his family’s company was investigated for refusing to rent to Black people decades ago.She also mentioned that he called for the death penalty for the “Central Park Five,” who were falsely accused of rape, and spread false “birther” theories about President Barack Obama.“I think the American people want better than that, want better than this,” Harris saidNew York City Council Member Yusef Salaam, a member of the exonerated group of men known as the Central Park Five, will be speaking to journalists after the debate ends.Trump has to be careful with his personal attacks on HarrisTrump has to be careful with his personal attacks on HarrisTrump has a fine line to walk on personal attacks on Harris tonight. A Pew Research Center poll found that about two-thirds of voters say Trump has been “too personally critical” of Harris.Slightly fewer than half (45%) of voters say Harris has been too personally critical of Trump. Trump’s supporters are more likely to say he’s too critical of Harris (41% of Trump’s supporters say this) than Harris’ supporters are to say she’s too critical of Trump (12% of Harris supporters say this).Over timeBoth candidates have gone over their allotted time several times during their answers and responses, with Trump ignoring the time clock far more than Harris.At one point as the debate approached a commercial break around the one-hour mark and as Trump continued to talk about Russia and its president, Vladimir Putin, moderator Linsey Davis cut off Trump with, “President Trump, thank you. We have a lot of issues to get to.”No audience means no waiting for them to quiet downAnyone who’s watched a lot of presidential debates knows that a chunk of time is spent quieting down the crowd in between answers.But no audience being present means that Harris and Trump are likely getting in more speaking time to the questions posed by the ABC News moderators - and reacting to their opponent’s responses.As was the case with Trump’s June debate with Biden, rules dictate that there is no live audience present for his debate with Harris.Trump questions value of NATOTrump has repeatedly questioned the value of NATO, a Western military alliance of largely European countries and the U.S. and Canada that is committed to one another’s defense. Trump complains that many of its 32 members are not meeting their financial commitments to the alliance, claiming that they owe “dues” to the bloc.On the campaign trail in February, Trump said that not only would he not protect those countries from Russian forces who have invaded Ukraine, he would encourage Russians “to do whatever the hell they want.”NATO members do not pay “dues” to the alliance. They have committed to spending at least 2% of their gross domestic product on their own defense budgets. A record 23 NATO member nations will hit that target this year, according to estimated figures the alliance released this month.About Trump’s claims of a possible peace deal between Russia and UkraineTrump claiming that he could broker a peace deal on behalf of the United States between Russia and Ukraine before he takes office would create a number of problematic issues. Not least of which is that the U.S. has throughout history operated under the doctrine that there is only one president at a time and that foreign policy decisions are reserved for the current occupant of the White House.A second issue could be that any Trump effort to negotiate an agreement between Putin and Zelenskyy would likely run afoul of a rarely prosecuted 19th-century law known as the Logan Act, which bars private citizens from conducting foreign policy.Trump tactic: Always question the numbersTrump has at several points questioned official government measures to make his arguments.On the economy, he accused the Biden administration of misrepresenting job creation numbers. He accused the FBI of manipulating crime statistics — and stood by his false claim even when fact-checked by ABC’s David Muir. He’s repeated his false claims that the 2020 election was rigged against him.He also argued death tolls in Ukraine are “fake numbers.”Who should win the war in Ukraine?After a commercial break ended, Trump was asked whether he wanted Ukraine to win the war against Russia.Trump responded by saying “I want the war to stop,” declining to take sides between Russia and Ukraine.The answer will likely reverberate in the days to come, especially for a candidate that is viewed as solicitous of Vladimir Putin.Asked again, Trump said there needs to be a deal to end the war.Israel-Hamas war comes upHarris says Israel “has the right to defend itself,” adding “we would” if the United States were attacked.The vice president went on to advocate for a “two-state solution.”As he has frequently during the campaign, Trump said the war would have never happened were he president, saying several times that Harris “hates Israel.”Saying that accusation wasn’t true, Harris said that he is “trying again to divide and distract” from the reality thatTrump is "wrong on national security.”Trump falsely claims evidence shows he won in 2020Donald Trump is repeating his false claim that he beat President Joe Biden in the 2020 election, saying “there’s so much proof. All you have to do is look at it.”The election was not stolen. The authorities who have reviewed the election — including Trump’s own attorney general — have concluded the election was fairTrump said he was speaking sarcastically when he acknowledged recently that he did indeed lose the 2020 election.“I said that?” Trump says when presented with his comment from a recent interview with Lex Friedman that he had lost “by a whisker.” He said the same thing at a Moms for Liberty event without a hint that he was joking.Trump has spent years refusing to accept his loss, even though there is no evidence of the fraud that he insists took place.“That was said sarcastically,” he says. “I don’t acknowledge that at all.”Court records rebut Trump claims on 2020 protests and police reformTrump suggested that protesters who committed crimes during the 2020 racial injustice protests were not prosecuted.“When are those people that burned down Minneapolis going to be prosecuted?” Trump asked.A 2021 Associated Press review of documents in more than 300 federal cases stemming from the protests sparked by George Floyd’s death found that more than 120 defendants across the U.S. pleaded guilty or were convicted at trial of federal crimes including rioting, arson and conspiracy.More than 70 defendants who had been sentenced by August 2021 had received an average of about 27 months behind bars. At least 10 received prison terms of five years or more.Harris pivots from Jan. 6 to make an ask for votesWith Trump continuing to deny any responsibility for the Jan. 6, 2021, attacks on the Capitol, Harris used the discussion to ask explicitly for a potentially decisive part of the electorate: Republicans disgusted by those mobs and Trump’s role.Harris looked directly at the camera to say “there is a place in our campaign for you.”She asked for support from voters who “stand for rule of law” and want to “end the chaos.”She never said “Republicans” but it was clear that was who she was addressing. Those kinds of voters were already important to Biden’s razor-thin victories in Arizona and Georgia four years ago. They could prove decisive in some battleground states again.‘I showed up for a speech’Trump again minimized his role in the Jan. 6, 2021, riot at the U.S. Capitol, which began when a mob of supporters inspired by his false claims that the election had been stolen stormed the building and engaged in violent clashes with law enforcement.He said he had “nothing to do with that other than that they asked me to make a speech.”Though it is true that he encouraged his supporters to proceed peacefully to the Capitol, he also beckoned them to come to Washington to protest the election results and to “fight like hell.”The future or the past?Harris throughout the debate has pushed language focused on the future, telling viewing audiences, “let’s turn the page on this” and “let’s chart a course to the future.”But Trump won’t let her forget that she’s already in office as vice president.He suggested she leave the debate, go to the Capitol, and work with Biden to pass a law to close down the border.Muted mics not stopping Harris and Trump from interrupting each otherIn the leadup to the debate, Harris’ and Trump’s camps battled over whether the candidates’ mics should be muted when they weren’t speaking.But both Trump and Harris could be heard speaking over each other at least a few times in the first half of the debate.When Harris said Biden didn’t have a plan for middle-class Americans, Trump could be heard punching back: “That’s just a soundbite. They gave her that to say.”A few minutes later as Trump grumbled that the U.S. barely makes semiconductor chips, Harris clapped back, “That’s not true.”At another point, Trump tried to hush Harris as she tried to interject with a steely, “I’m talking now.”Trump not moderating his rhetoric about HarrisJust as he does at his rallies, Trump is using over-the-top caricatures of Harris. In the debate’s opening segment, he’s said “everyone knows she’s a Marxist” and that the Biden administration has “destroyed our country with policy that is insane” because “they have to hate our country.”Throughout the name-calling and hyperbole, Harris alternated among smiling, shaking her head and looking perplexed.Trump’s audiences at rallies love his broadsides on Harris. It’s not clear he gains any advantage from such hyperbole when the audience is the broader electorate—- and it offers Harris an opportunity to shatter the caricature.Harris mentions Trump's felony conviction in response to his claims on crime ratesHarris responded to Trump’s claims about crime rates by reminding the former president that he is a convicted criminal with several other pending criminal cases.“I think this is so rich coming from someone who has been prosecuted for national security crimes, economic crimes, election interference, has been found liable for sexual assault,” Harris said. “And his next big court appearance is in November at his own criminal sentencing.”Trump blamed Harris and President Joe Biden for his legal plight, referring to the cases against him as “weaponization” of the criminal justice system.Trump was convicted in May of falsifying business records related to a hush money payment made to porn actor Stormy Daniels on the eve of the 2016 election. His sentencing was delayed last week from Sept. 18 to Nov. 26.“It’s weaponization and they used it, and it’s never happened in this country. They used it to try and win an election. They’re fake cases,” Trump said, adding that he’s confident that his New York conviction will be reversed on appeal.Harris mentions Trump's felony conviction in response to his claims on crime ratesHarris responded to Trump’s claims about crime rates by reminding the former president that he is a convicted criminal with several other pending criminal cases.“I think this is so rich coming from someone who has been prosecuted for national security crimes, economic crimes, election interference, has been found liable for sexual assault,” Harris said. “And his next big court appearance is in November at his own criminal sentencing.”Trump blamed Harris and President Joe Biden for his legal plight, referring to the cases against him as “weaponization” of the criminal justice system.Trump was convicted in May of falsifying business records related to a hush money payment made to porn actor Stormy Daniels on the eve of the 2016 election. His sentencing was delayed last week from Sept. 18 to Nov. 26.“It’s weaponization and they used it, and it’s never happened in this country. They used it to try and win an election. They’re fake cases,” Trump said, adding that he’s confident that his New York conviction will be reversed on appeal.Trump made multiple false and misleading statement on the cases against himTrump made multiple false or misleading statements related to the criminal cases against him, including saying he had scored a “complete and total victory” in the prosecution charging him with illegally hoarding classified documents.It’s true that a Trump-appointed judge dismissed the case, but not because she concluded that he was innocent — rather, the ruling from U.S. District Judge Aileen Cannon said that the prosecutor who brought the case, special counsel Jack Smith, was unlawfully appointed.That decision has been appealed and could well be overturned in the weeks ahead, which would revive the prosecution and put it back in court.Trump also claimed that Biden was found to be “essentially guilty” in an investigation into his retention of classified documents. But that’s not true: the prosecutor in that investigation said that though there was some evidence that Biden had willfully retained the records, it was insufficient to bring a criminal caseTrump’s legal peril finally comes upIt took more than a half-hour, but Harris found a way, without moderators’ help, to bring up Trump’s legal troubles: his felony convictions, pending indictments and civil liability for sexual assault.It has spawned a long back-and-forth on who believes more in the rule of law and who is weaponizing the justice system.At a minimum, it is a notable moment in presidential debate history to have a former and possible future president defend his felony conviction by promising that he will “win on appeal.”Trump endorses false rumor about immigrants eating petsDonald Trump is promoting a false rumor that Haitian immigrants in Ohio are abducting and eating pets, using the baseless story as evidence of crimes being committed by immigrants.“They’re eating the dogs, the people that came in. They’re eating the cats,” Trump said.�ճ�����’s no evidence that’s occurring. Authorities in Ohio have said there are no credible or detailed reports to support Trump’s claim.FBI data shows violent crime is down, despite Trump claimsTrump claimed that “crime is through the roof” under the Biden administration.In fact, FBI data has shown a downward trend in violent crime since the spike during the COVID-19 pandemic.Violent crime was down 6% in the last three months of 2023 compared with the same period the year before, according to FBI data released in March. Murders were down 13%.New FBI statistics released in June show the overall violent crime rate declined 15% in the first three months of 2024 compared to the same period last year. One expert has cautioned, however, that those 2024 figures are preliminary and may overstate the actual reduction in crime.Trump blasts Biden administration over the disastrous withdrawal from AfghanistanThe main government watchdog and most independent assessments agree Trump and Biden share the biggest share of the blame for the disastrous end to America’s longest war, which saw the Taliban sweep across all of Afghanistan before the last U.S. troops even flew out of the Kabul airport.The main U.S. government watchdog for the war points to Trump’s 2020 deal with the Taliban to withdraw all U.S. forces and military contractors as “the single most important factor” in the August 2021 collapse of U.S.-allied Afghan security forces and the Taliban takeover.Harris touts support from former Trump officialsAnalysts expect the vote margins to be tight in this fall’s general election, and Harris is touting her endorsements from Republicans, including former Trump administration officials.“I think the choice is clear in this election,” she said.Trump responded, “I fired most of those people,” adding, as he has frequently of the Biden-Harris administration, “They never fire anybody.”At Tuesday’s debate, two former Trump administration officials are appearing as Harris’ guests.Trump notes Biden and Harris' failure to deliver student loan forgivenessTrump slammed President Biden and Harris for failing to deliver on student loan forgiveness, one of Biden’s campaign promises.Some borrowers have gotten relief but parts of the plan have been hampered by Republican opposition and lawsuits. Earlier this month, the Supreme Court declined to lift an injunction that would have allowed one of the student loan forgiveness plans to be implemented.Harris’ tactic on hard questions: Compare herself to TrumpThe vice president has used that same tactic on perhaps the two toughest topics: inflation and the economy under Biden, and the migrant flow across the U.S.-Mexico.Both times, she opened her answer by saying “I’m the only person on this stage who ...” — a clear way to pivot the question to a comparison between her and Trump.For the economy, it was to note her middle-class upbringing. She then used that as a bridge to talk about policy.On the border and immigration, she talked about prosecuting transnational gangs, a reference to her tenure as California attorney general.Trump says he ‘won’t have to’ veto a national abortion banHe didn’t agree with GOP foe Nikki Haley on a lot of things during the primary season, but it sounds like Trump does likely agree with his former United Nations ambassador on the ultimately future of a national abortion ban.Asked if he would veto a national abortion ban, Trump said “I won’t have to” because “they could never get this approved” in Congress.When she was vying against Trump for the Republican nomination, Haley reluctantly committed to signing a national abortion ban if elected president but said passing one would be unlikely without more Republicans in Congress.Trump speaks on IVFTrump repeated his support for IVF access during Tuesday’s debate, calling himself “a leader on IVF.”This comes about two weeks after he announced plans, without additional details, to require health insurance companies or the federal government to pay for the common fertility treatment.The announcement shows the former president’s realization that reproductive rights may be a significant vulnerability for Republicans. But it also is at odds with the actions of much of his own party as many Republicans have been left grappling with the innate tension between support for the procedure and for laws passed by their own party that grant legal personhood not only to fetuses but to any embryos that are destroyed in the IVF process.Efforts by the GOP to appear united on IVF have been undercut by state lawmakers, Republican-dominated courts and anti-abortion leaders within the party’s ranks.Trump says he brought abortion “back to states”Trump leaned on his catchall response to questions on abortion rights, saying the issue should be left up to the states.In states allowing the citizen initiative and where abortion access has been on the ballot, voters have resoundingly affirmed the right to abortion. But voters don’t have a direct say in about half the states. In states that will have abortion on the ballot this year, anti-abortion groups and their Republican allies are using a wide array of strategies to counter proposed ballot initiatives.Trump has repeatedly shifted his position on abortion while boasting about appointing the three Supreme Court justices who helped overturn the constitutional right to abortion, unleashing a wave of restrictions on the procedure across Republican-led states.Abortion is a central campaign issue in the 2024 presidential election as Trump seeks a more cautious stance on the issue, which has become a vulnerability for Republicans and has driven turnout for Democrats.Trump repeats misinformation on abortions later in pregnancyTrump parroted common misinformation narratives about abortions later in pregnancy during Tuesday’s debate.The former president has repeatedly made false claims about states allowing abortions after birth. This is false. Infanticide is criminalized in every state, and no state has passed a law that allows killing a baby after birth.Abortion rights advocates say terms like this and “late-term abortions” attempt to stigmatize abortions later in pregnancy. Abortions later in pregnancy are exceedingly rare. In 2020, less than 1% of abortions in the United States were performed at or after 21 weeks, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Abortions later in pregnancy also are usually the result of serious complications, such as fetal anomalies, that put the life of the woman or fetus at risk, medical experts say. In most cases, these are also wanted pregnancies, experts say.Americans give Harris an edge over Trump on abortion policyAs debate turns to issues of abortion, recent polling shows that this topic is a strong one for Harris.About half of Americans (51%) say they trust Harris to do a better job of handling abortion policy than they do Trump (27%), according to an AP-NORC poll from August.This is also an issue where Republicans give Trump relatively low marks, signaling some possible displeasure from his own party. Only about 6 in 10 Republicans trust Trump over Harris on these issues. About 15% trust Harris more, and about 1 in 10 trust both candidates equally.Harris: I’m for the middle class. Trump is for the rich guy.Harris is leaning into her middle-class background and her plans to create an “opportunity economy” while lashing out at Trump as out-of-touch.“Donald Trump has no plan for you. And when you look at his economic plan, it’s all about tax breaks for the richest people,” she says.Trump for his part pushing back that Harris is an empty vessel when it comes to the economy. “She doesn’t have a plan. She copied Biden’s plan.”Harris on Trump’s proposed tariffsHarris claimed that “economists have said that that Trump’s sales tax would actually result for middle class families in about $4,000 more a year.” She was referring to Trump’s proposal to impose a tariff of 10% to 20% on all imports — he has mentioned both figures — and up to 60% on imports from China.Most economists do expect it would raise prices on many goods. The Center for American Progress Action Fund, a progressive advocacy group, has calculated that the higher tariffs would cost households an extra $3,900 a year. However, Trump has said the tariff revenue could be used to cut other taxes, which would reduce the overall cost of the policy.”Harris forecasts ‘lies, grievances and name-calling’ from TrumpHarris has been viewing Trump with a somewhat skeptical look on her face, and she says she’s not expecting much truth from him during this debate.Harris says she expects to hear “a bunch of lies, grievances and name-calling” from her GOP opponent during their 90-minute debate.Trump again distances himself from Project 2025Trump is again distancing himself from Project 2025, the Heritage Foundation project crafted by dozens of his former administration officials.“I haven’t read it. I don’t want to read it, purposefully. I’m not going to read it,” he says.Democrats have made the deeply conservative proposals a centerpiece of their attacks against Trump.Harris focuses on middle class in first answer; Trump pivots to immigrationWith the White House under pressure on the economy, Harris said she was “raised as a middle class kid” and would be focused on creating an “opportunity economy.”She also sharply criticized Trump for policies that she said would increase costs for Americans.Trump rejected the description, and he said he would focus on tariffs on imports from foreign countries.He also swiftly shifted focus to immigration, saying people were “pouring into the country.”First question of the debate is on the economyMany voters say it’s the top issue for them in this election, and the economy is the first question during the Harris-Trump debate.Americans are slightly more likely to trust Trump over Harris when it comes to handling the economy, according to an AP-NORC poll from August.Views about the economy aren’t especially rosy. About 6 in 10 U.S. adults say economic conditions in the country are “getting worse,” according to a recent Gallup poll. And slightly fewer than half (45%) rate the U.S. economy as “poor” while 31% describe it as “only fair.” About one-quarter call it excellent or good.By one measure, Americans are not better or worse off than four years ago. Earlier Tuesday, the Census Bureau released an annual report that showed inflation-adjusted U.S. median household income in 2023 rose for the first time since 2019 to $80,610 — about the same as it was four years ago, in 2019.